تأثیر نیتروژن و سیلیسیم بر برخی ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژیک دانهال‌های پسته در شرایط شور

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه ولی عصر رفسنجان

2 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد علوم خاک، دانشگاه ولی عصر رفسنجان

چکیده

برای بررسی تأثیر نیتروژن و سیلیسیم در شرایط شور برخی ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژیک دانهال‎های پسته (.Pistacia vera L) رقم بادامی ریز زرند، یک آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار در شرایط گلخانه‌ای انجام شد. تیمارها شامل نیتروژن (0، 60 و 120 میلی‌گرم نیتروژن در کیلوگرم خاک از منبع نیترات آمونیم)، سیلیسیم (0، 1 و 2 میلی‌مولار از منبع اسید سیلیسیک) و شوری (0، 1500 و 3000 میلی‌گرم کلرید سدیم و کلرید کلسیم در کیلوگرم خاک به‏ترتیب به نسبت دو به یک) بودند که در انتهای آزمایش میانگین شوری‏هایی به‌ترتیب برابر با 0/3، 7/9 و 9/20 دسی زیمنس بر متر ایجاد نمودند.  نتایج نشان داد که تنش شوری موجب کاهش مقدار نسبی آب برگ و افزایش نشت یونی گردید، اما کاربرد دو میلی‌مولار سیلیسیم باعث افزایش 28 درصدی مقدار نسبی آب برگ و کاهش نشت یونی گرید. هم‏چنین مصرف توأمان 60 میلی­گرم نیتروژن در کیلوگرم خاک و دو میلی­مولار سیلیسیم غلظت پرولین را 36 درصد نسبت به شاهد افزایش داد. بیشترین مقدار قندهای محلول برگ در شرایط شور با مصرف دو میلی‌‌مولار سیلیسیم حاصل شد که نسبت به شاهد، بیش از دو برابر افزایش یافت. هم‌چنین به‏رغم این‏ که تنش شوری غلظت عناصر آهن، منگنز و روی شاخساره را کاهش معنا‌دار داد، ولی با مصرف نیتروژن و سیلیسیم غلظت این عناصر افزایش معنا‌دار یافتند. براساس نتایج به‌دست آمده از این پژوهش، می­توان نتیجه گرفت که در شرایط شور، مصرف توأمان نیتروژن و سیلیسیم از طریق بهبود ویژگی‏های فیزیولوژیک، توانایی دانهال‏های پسته را در تحمل تنش ‌شوری افزایش داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Nitrogen and Silicon on Some Physiological Properties of the Pistachio Seedlings in Saline Conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • V Mozafari 1
  • M Salajegheh 2
1 Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Soil Sciences, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Iran
2 M.Sc. Graduate of Soil Science, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to investigate the effect of nitrogen and silicon on some physiological Properties of the pistachio seedlings (Pistacia vera L. cv. Badami Zarand) in saline conditions, a factorial experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with three replications under greenhouse conditions. Treatments consisted of nitrogen (0, 60 and 120 mg N kg-1 soil as NH4NO3), silicon (0, 1 and 2 mM as H4SiO4) and salinity (0, 1500 and 3000 mg NaCl and CaCl2 kg-1 soil with the ratio of two to one respectively) that at the end of the experiment created average salinity of 0.3, 9.7 and 20.9 dSm-1, respectively.Results showed that the salinity stress decreased the leaf relative water content and increased the electrolyte leakage, but application of 2 mM silicon increased the leaf relative water content by 28 percent and decreased the electrolyte leakage. Also combined application of 60 mg N kg-1 soil and 2 mM silicon increased the concentration of proline 36 percent compared to the control. The highest amount of soluble sugars in saline conditions was achieved with the application of 2 mM Silicon that increased more than 2 folds compared to the control. Although salinity stress decreased the shoot Fe, Mn and Zn concentrations significantiy, but application of the nitrogen and silicon increased the concentration of these elements significantiy. According to the results of this experiment, it is concluded that the combined application of nitrogen and silicon in saline conditions through improving the physiological Properties increased the ability of pistachio seedlings in tolerance to salinity stress.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Keywords: Calcium chloride
  • Electrolyte leakage
  • Micronutrients
  • Proline
  • Soluble sugars
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