تاثیر توام شیوه های کم آبیاری و کاربرد سوپرجاذب بر خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی، فیزیولوژیکی و عملکرد گیاه ذرت

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد؛ گروه زراعت؛ دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی؛ واحد کرج؛ کرج؛ ایران

2 استادیار؛ رشته آبیاری، گروه زراعت؛ دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی؛ واحد کرج؛ کرج؛ ایران

3 استاد؛ گروه زراعت؛ دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی؛ واحد کرج؛ کرج؛ ایران

چکیده

به منظور بررسی توام کم‌آبیاری معمولی و کم‌آبیاری موضعی از طریق روش آبیاری جویچه‌ای یک در میان و کاربرد پلیمر‌ سوپر‌جاذب بر خصوصیات گیاه ذرت، آزمایشی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد کرج در سال زراعی 93-1392، اجرا گردید. در این آزمایش روش کم‌آبیاری معمولی در سه سطح شامل آبیاری با 100، 75 و 50 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه و کم آبیاری موضعی در دو سطح شامل آبیاری تمام جویچه‌ای و جویچه‌ای یک در میان ثابت به صورت فاکتوریل در کرت‌های اصلی و پلیمر سوپر جاذب استاکوزورب در دو سطح شامل شاهد (عدم مصرف) و ‌‌مصرف سوپرجاذب به میزان 30 کیلوگرم در هکتار در کرت‌های فرعی انجام شد. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که عملکرد علوفه تر، خشک و بیولوژیک در روش آبیاری جویچه‌ای یک در میان با وجود 9/25 درصد کاهش آب آبیاری در طول دوره رشد نسبت به آبیاری تمام جویچه‌ای، تفاوت معنی‌داری نداشت. مصرف سوپر جاذب منجر به کاهش آب آبیاری به مقدار 4/13 درصد در طول دوره رشد گردید. بیشترین کارایی مصرف آب برای تولید علوفه خشک در تیمار آبیاری جویچه‌ای یک در میان با آبیاری کامل و کاربرد سوپر جاذب به دست آمد که نسبت به تیمار شاهد، 9/75 درصد افزایش داشت. در روش آبیاری تمام جویچه‌ای، متوسط کارایی مصرف آب برای تولید علوفه خشک و بیولوژیک به ترتیب 32/1 و 52/3 کیلوگرم بر متر مکعب به دست آمد و در روش جویچه‌ای یک در میان به 75/1 و 31/4 کیلوگرم بر متر مکعب بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Simultaneous Impact of Deficit Irrigation Methods and Superabsorbent Polymer on Morphological, Physiological and Yield Characteristics of Corn

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Khalili 1
  • Fayaz Aghayari 2
  • Mohammad Reza Ardakani 3
1 M. Sc. Student, Department of Agronomy, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
3 Professor, Department of Agronomy, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

To study the simultaneous impact of conventional and alternate-furrow deficit irrigation and superabsorbent polymer on characteristics of corn, a field experiment was carried out at Research Farm of College of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran, in 2013-2014 growing season. Conventional deficit irrigation with three levels including irrigation with 100, 75 and 50% crop water requirement, localized deficit irrigation with two levels including fixed alternate furrow irrigation and conventional furrow irrigation that were located in the main plots and superabsorbent polymer with two levels including control (non-use superabsorbent polymer Stockosorb) and use of superabsorbent (30kg/ha) that were located in the sub plots. The results showed the amount of fresh and dry forage yield and biological yield in fixed alternate furrow irrigation method were not different significantly as compared to the conventional furrow irrigation method, while the volume of irrigation water during the growing season in fixed alternate furrow irrigation decreased by 25.9 %. Superabsorbent consumption lead to reduced irrigation water at a rate of 13.4 % during the growth season. highest water use efficiency for dry forage yield (2.04 kg.m-3) was obtained in treatment of fixed alternate furrow irrigation in condition of moderate stress and used of superabsorbent, that increased by 75.9% as compared to control treatment and there was significant difference. In conventional furrow irrigation method, average of water use efficiency for dry forage yield and biological yield was obtained 1.32 and 3.52 kg.m-3, respectively; while in fixed alternate furrow irrigation was increased to 1.75 and 4.31 kg.m-3, respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Alternate furrow
  • Drought stress
  • Forage yield
  • Irrigation method
  • Water use efficiency
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