Determination of Aquifer Vulnerability Potential based on DRASTIC and
FUZZY Logic Models (Case Study: Hamedan- Bahar Plain)
Atefeh
Mahdavi
دانشجوی دکتری گروه مهندسی آب، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان
author
Hamid
Zare Abyaneh
دانشیار گروه مهندسی آب، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان
author
text
article
2016
per
Water and Soil Science
University of Tabriz
2008-5133
26
v.
شماره1 بخش 1
no.
2016
1
17
https://water-soil.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_4836_fee518ebe18bb7142768f1e726e593c0.pdf
Effects of Soil Organic Matter on Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Phosphorous Sorption
M
Ma hdizadeh
داﻧﺸﺠﻮی ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ارﺷﺪ ﮔﺮوه ﻋﻠﻮم و ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ ﺰ
author
A
Reyhanitabar
ﮔﺮوه ﻋﻠﻮم و ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ خاک دانشگاه تبریز
author
S
Oustan
ﮔﺮوه ﻋﻠﻮم و ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ خاک دانشگاه تبریز
author
text
article
2016
per
It seems that the presence of soil organic matter (SOM) increases P availability to plants. This effect has commonly been ascribed as competition between the decomposition products of SOM and P for soil sorption sites resulting in P concentrations increase of soil solution. This study was carried out to obtain information about soil organic matter (SOM) influence on kinetics and thermodynamics of P sorption in three collected calcareous soil samples of east Azerbaijan province. Sorption kinetics was studied at 100 mg P L-1 solution as initial concentration before (B) and after (A) SOM removal and observations were carried out for 336 hours. SOM was removed with NaOCl solution. According to the results, P sorption increased rapidly up to about 48 hours beyond which a near steady-state condition was attained. Zero-order, first, second- and third-order equations did not adequately describe P sorption kinetics. Simple Elovich, parabolic diffusion and two-constant rate equations adequately described the data, but two-constant rate equation was the best. To evaluate the temperature effects, P sorption was measured at four temperatures, namely 10, 20, 30 and 400C. According to the results, P sorption, before and after SOM removal, increased with temperature raises indicating the endothermic nature of the sorption reaction. The negative values of Gibbs free energy at different temperatures indicated the spontaneous nature of P sorption in the studied soils. Before SOM removal, ∆G0 in the first sorption site ranged from -32 to -38.2 kJ mol-1 and from -25.4 to -28.4 kJ mol-1 in the second site. While after the removal of organic matter in the first site ∆G0 ranged from -32.9 to -39.3 and in the second site from -30.9 to -36.9 kJ mol-1.
Water and Soil Science
University of Tabriz
2008-5133
26
v.
شماره1 بخش 1
no.
2016
19
37
https://water-soil.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_4837_c8afa5f3bcc62f2c3007acc2e4760b78.pdf
Effects of Six Chemical and Mineral Mulches on the Establishment and
Survival of Calligonum and Haloxylon
S.M.
Abtahi
استادیار پژوهشی بخش تحقیقات منابع طبیعی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اصفهان
author
M
Khosroshahi
دانشیار پژوهشی بخش تحقیقات بیابان، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور
author
text
article
2016
per
Nowadays, wind erosion and dust have become environmental problems, not only in desertareas, but throughout the entire country, which have imposed many costs on the country budget.Combating wind erosion in many deserts using adapted plants and oil mulch has 40 years history.But the widespread use of petroleum mulches in addition to environmental problems is noteconomically justified due to the involved high cost of purchasing these materials, moving andspraying of them. In this study effects of non-oil and chemical mulches on germination and survivalof plants used to biological regeneration of the areas which were subjected to the wind erosion wereinvestigated and the best mulch was introduced. Accordingly, survival and establishmentpercentage of seeds, cuttings and seedlings of Calligonum comosom and Haloxylon persicum plantsin a randomized complete block with 6 treatments under 6 mulches, namely: Polymer, Fars, RB,Paya, cement and DC400, in 3 replications, were investigated. The results showed that in themethod of seeding, pots with Paya and cement mulches had the highest survival and height, andPaya and Polymer mulches produed the highest survival percentage. In the Cutting method, cementmulch had the highest survival, survival percentage and height. In the Seedlings method, the highestsurvival and survival percentage were observed in the Fars, Paya, Polimer and cement mulches andthe maximum height was observed in the cement and R.B mulches. Therefore, the cement mulch isthe best cover for combating wind erosion.
Water and Soil Science
University of Tabriz
2008-5133
26
v.
شماره1 بخش 1
no.
2016
39
46
https://water-soil.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_4838_84ada40d73457a3a8c34223b5275b655.pdf
Laboratory Investigation of Adverse bed slope Effect on Incipient Motion of Non-cohesive sediment
H
Khozeymehnezhad
گروه مهندسی آب دانشگاه بیرجند
author
M.H
Najafi mood
گروه مهندسی آب دانشگاه بیرجند
author
R
Mazloom Shahraki
گروه مهندسی آب دانشگاه بیرجند
author
text
article
2016
per
So far, many studies have been carried out to determine the conditions of incipient motion of sediment in open channels with positive slope and many relationships and graphs have been presented. But no any research has been done on incipient motion of the sediments on adverse slope of open channel and therefore, this study was conducted. In the experiments of this study, 9 types of non-cohesive and non-uniform sediments have been tested with different particle sizes and geometric standard deviation, on the bed adverse slopes of 0.0005, 0.001 and 0.002. According to the results, the stability parameter was directly related to the adverse slope of the channel. By increasing the adverse slope of the channel from 0.0005 to 0.002 for different particle sizes of sediments, the stability parameter was increased 52 percent on average. Also the particle size parameters showed inverse relation with the stability parameter. Thus, by increasing the particle size parameter from 0.12 to 0.35 for different adverse slopes, stability parameter was decreased 22 percent on average. According to the result, the stability parameter was directly related to the geometric standard deviation of the sediment particles. Consequently with increasing geometric standard deviation from 2.1 to 3.5 for different particle sizes of the sediment and channel slope, stability parameter was increased 7 percent on average.
Water and Soil Science
University of Tabriz
2008-5133
26
v.
شماره1 بخش 1
no.
2016
47
56
https://water-soil.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_4839_480bef92ad8e353f40ce22de8d51b5a8.pdf
Experimental Study of Discharge Coefficient of Parabolic Sharp-Crested Weirs
H
Shariati
گروه مهندسی آب دانشگاه فردوس مشهد
author
S.R
Khodashenas
گروه مهندسی آب دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
author
text
article
2016
per
Weirs provide a simple method for measuring the volumetric flow rate in small to mediumsized streams or in industrial discharge locations. Sharp crest weirs can be built in different shapes, such as rectangular, triangular, trapezoidal, circular and parabolic. In general, the discharge of these weirs is expressed by n KhQ = , where the value of n varies with structure shape (e.g. 3/2 for rectangular weir and 5/2 for triangular weir) and isn’t usually an integer number, then manual calculation of the discharge is facing a problem. In this study to facilitate the discharge calculations, the governing equations of parabolic crest weirs were reviewed and a simple equation was developed for computing the flow rate. Also, by using a physical model with different angles and heights, hydraulic characteristics of these weirs were investigated. The experimental results showed that with increasing the angle and height of parabolic weirs, the discharge coefficient was increased. The average discharge coefficient of experiments was calculated as 0.605. Furthermore, a proper regression-based equation to determine the discharge coefficient, with coefficient of determination R2=0.922, was obtained.
Water and Soil Science
University of Tabriz
2008-5133
26
v.
شماره1 بخش 1
no.
2016
57
67
https://water-soil.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_4840_0d4f68444211899e17ff9f78fd47a933.pdf
Experimental Study of Shape of Spur Dikes in Series to Control Scour
in River Bends
B
Mansuri
گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز
author
A
Hosseinzadeh Dalir
استاد- گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز
author
D
Farsadizadeh
استاد- گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز
author
text
article
2016
per
This research was conducted to minimize the dimensions and costs of spur dikes throughcutting the edge of them. For this propose, a physical model of spur dikes in series in river bend wasemployed. The results of tests for spur dikes in series without any changes in their nose shapeshowed that the local scour commenced from the nose of spur dikes. Generally, in all spur dikeswith new shape, as the spur dike surface reduced, the approach flow velocity in front of the spurdike was also reduced. The new shape decreased the shear stress in the upstream of the spur dikeand reduced the scour depth. The results also showed that the new shape of the spur dikes(L=5.5,ɵ=85,ɸ=30, e) was able to reduce the scour depth at the nose of the spur dike up to 89percent.
Water and Soil Science
University of Tabriz
2008-5133
26
v.
شماره1 بخش 1
no.
2016
69
81
https://water-soil.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_4841_f42e95cd1c2966421bfb277fd41634b2.pdf
Modeling the Effects of Consumption and Precipitation on the Water Table
Oscillations (Case Study: Ajabshir Aquifer)
M
Abdolahzadeh
گروه مهندسی آب دانشگاه تبیرز
author
A
Fakheri Fard
استاد- گروه مهندسی آب دانشگاه تبیرز
author
E
Asadi
استادیار- گروه مهندسی آب دانشگاه تبیرز
author
A.H
Nazemi
استاد- گروه مهندسی آب دانشگاه تبیرز
author
text
article
2016
per
Prediction of groundwater table through specific models, provide a valuable information for waterresources management and consumption planning. Among the different available methods, themultivariate nonlinear regression is of utmost importance for prediction of hydrological phenomena.The data bases of this research were the amounts of precipitation amounts, water table elevation andwater consumptions in monthly time scale for the period of 2001- 2011. The cross correlation analysisindicated that the one lagged monthly precipitation as well as the two lagged monthly consumptionsvalues had the highest impacts on water table elevation with the determination coefficients of 0.39 and0.86, respectively. Then, the general relationship of these three variables obtained with R2=0.87 androot mean square error (RMSE) =0.35m through a multivariate nonlinear regression analysis. Forprediction of the water table elevation in the coming years, initially, the consumptions and precipitationdata extended up to 2014, using ANN and Thomas-firing methods, respectively. So, the outcome ofputting them into regression equation gave the water table elevation. On the other hand, the artificialneural network was used to predict the water table elevation, for which, the resulted values of R2 andRMSE were 0.82 and 0.39m, respectively. The comparison of two methods showed that themultivariate nonlinear regression model represented more accurate results in predicting the elevation ofwater table, in the studied plain.
Water and Soil Science
University of Tabriz
2008-5133
26
v.
شماره1 بخش 1
no.
2016
83
97
https://water-soil.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_4843_183ad33105eb9ac6345f7e5ea9d6fc92.pdf
Comparing the Performance of WetSpa Hydrological Model, Artificial
Neural Network and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy System for Simulating River
Flow Discharge (Case Study: BalukhluchayWatershed, Ardabil Province)
R
Imani
دانشجوی دکتری علوم و مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم زمین، دانشگاه کاشان، اصفهان
author
H
Ghasemieh
استادیار گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم زمین، دانشگاه کاشان، اصفهان
author
A E
Ouri
دانشیار گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل
author
text
article
2016
per
Generated runoff has significant effects on quality and quantity of the surface andgroundwater resources, soil erosion and even vegetation cover in watersheds. In recent years,different computer models have been applied for estimating and forecasting the runoff and itseffects. In this study, the performances of WetSpa hydrological model and ANN and ANFISintelligent models were evaluated in simulation of the rainfall-runoff and estimation of the dailydischarge in Balukhluchay watershed of Ardabil province. The required data including theneeded information for the digital elevation model, land use and soil maps and also the climaticand hydrological data of the daily precipitation, temperature, reference evapotranspiration anddischarge time series were prepared. The data of 2007 to 2010 were used for calibration andtraining and the data of 2010 to 2012 were used for validation and test of the models. Differentevaluating coefficients such as Nash-Sutcliffe, Correlation Coefficient and Root Mean SquareError (0.457, 0.696 and 1.719 for WetSpa, 0.724, 0.865 and 1.232 for ANN and 0.289, 0.603and 1.968 for ANFIS, respectively) showed that the highest accuracy among the used modelsbelonged to the ANN, WetSpa and ANFIS, respectively. Despite high accuracy of the ANN,since it is a black box model, its usage for investigating the land use and topography effects onthe runoff has some limitations in comparison with the completely distributed Wetspa model.
Water and Soil Science
University of Tabriz
2008-5133
26
v.
شماره1 بخش 1
no.
2016
99
116
https://water-soil.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_4844_a09f400d235e6c0a73ecbb130003fba6.pdf
Determining the Optimum Values of the Design Parameters for Furrow Irrigation
with WinSRFR3.1 Model (Case study: Sugarcane Fields of Southern Ahvaz)
M
Ghahremannejad
دانشآموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه آبیاری و زهکشی دانشکده مهندسی علوم آب دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز
author
S
Boroomandnasab
استاد، گروه آبیاری و زهکشی دانشکده مهندسی علوم آب دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز
author
A
Sheini Dashtegol
کارشناس، مرکز تحقیقات شرکت توسعه نیشکر
author
text
article
2016
per
Low level of efficiency is a main problem of surface irrigation systems that is due to their poordesign and management. Furrow inflow rate and cut off time are the most important design parametersthat affect the efficiency of furrow irrigation. In this study, furrow irrigation condition of Amir KabirAgro-Industry sugarcane fields was simulated with WinSRFR3.1 Model. Then, irrigation performancesof the relevant fields for different cut-off times and inflow rates were evaluated. Water flow wassimulated for the both open and block-ends furrow positions. Selected furrows for flow simulation hada length of 250 m, with a slope of 0.04 percent and 1.83 m spacing between the furrows. The input dataof the model were measured in these furrows for an inflow rate of 1.5 Ls-1. Four performanceevaluation indices namely, the application efficiency (Ea), distribution uniformity (DU), deeppercolation ratio (DPR) and tail water ratio (TWR) were computed for evaluating the irrigationperformance in the selected furrows. Prior to simulations, the model was calibrated for local conditionsby using measured and simulated flow advance time. The results showed that the best option for furrowirrigation of Amir Kabir Agro-Industry fields is the use of end-blocked system with inflow rate of 1.8Ls-1 and irrigation duration time of 5 hr.
Water and Soil Science
University of Tabriz
2008-5133
26
v.
شماره1 بخش 1
no.
2016
117
130
https://water-soil.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_4845_cd586a36f009957cea0ddc9d7ec19e37.pdf
Micromorphologic Study of Pores and Porosity of Some Saline-Sodic Soils
in theWest of Urmia Lake using Image Analysis
S
Chakherloo
دانشجوی دکتری علوم خاک دانشگاه تبریز
author
S
Manafi
استادیار گروه علوم خاک دانشگاه ارومیه
author
text
article
2016
per
Soil micromorphology is a branch of soil science which studies undisturbed soil samples usingmicroscopic methods and the image analysis technique can promote speed, accuracy and ability ofmicromorphic studies. Soil pores due to their effect on the most of processes and properties of soilsand also on interaction between soil, water and plant, have spacial importance. In this study, soilpores type and total porosity of saline-sodic soils were studied using micromorphic and ImageAnalysis techniques in a transect composed of eight soil profiles in the west of Urmia Lake.According to microscopic observations, pore types in these soils were vughs, channels and planarvoids but Voids size and frequency in different horizons of each profile and all eight profiles weredifferent. Average values of vughs, channels and planar voids in each thin section were about 45-50%, 35-45% and 5-25%, respectively. Comparison between thin section description and ImageAnalysis showed that frequency and the range of size of pores in Image Analysis technique wasgreater than that of thin section description. The differences of measured total porosity betweenImage Analysis and thin section description in profiles 1 to 4 were 10.7, 7.83, 6.7 and 9 percentrespectively. The reason of this difference is that, in thin section description technique, some ofvoids are too small, so they cannot be seen and are not measurable, whereas, in Image Analysistechnique the measurement of size and frequency of voids were based on the number of pixels andthis leads to greater values in Image analysis technique.
Water and Soil Science
University of Tabriz
2008-5133
26
v.
شماره1 بخش 1
no.
2016
131
143
https://water-soil.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_4846_fae4deb2d1a224fd5b6cf7452da8c36e.pdf
Kinetics and Isotherm of Nitrate Sorption from Aqueous Solution Using Biochar
M
Marezi
دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشگاه تهران
author
m
Farahbakhsh
استادیار گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشگاه تهران
author
S
Kheial
دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشگاه تهران
author
text
article
2016
per
Nitrate contamination of water resources is becoming a serious environmental problem worldwide.Application of natural materials to remove nitrate can be considered as the most valuable solution.This study aims to investigate the use of date palm fiber in the production of adsorbent material.Palm fibers were burned at temperatures of 450, 600 and 750 °C in a limited supply of oxygencondition. The produced biochar at temperature of 600 °C was chosen due to its high ability inremoval of the nitrate from aqueous solution. Biochar made from these fibers washed withhydrochloric acid 0.5 N and then with distilled water to increase performance. The FTIR methodwas used to investigate groups of the adsorbent. Additional studies were performed to measure theeffects of pH, adsorbent dose, time and temperature on nitrate sorption. The optimal conditions forremoval of nitrate were found to be: 0.5 g of adsorbent in 20 ml solution, temperature of 10 °C, 30min and neutral pH. Under these conditions, the nitrate removal efficiency was over 96%. Theadsorption data were explained using the Langmuir and Temkin adsorption isotherms. Kineticstudies showed that the pseudo-second order was the best fitted model to the sorption data.
Water and Soil Science
University of Tabriz
2008-5133
26
v.
شماره1 بخش 1
no.
2016
145
158
https://water-soil.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_4847_2548d8b085664d1ef153c3c01bed4de0.pdf
The Role of Land Use Change on Some Soil Physicochemical Properties
(Case Study:Watershed Basin of Keyasar Galooga)
MR
Riahi
دانشآموخته کارشناسی ارشد گروه آبخیزداری، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
author
G
Vahabzadeh
استادیار گروه آبخیزداری، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
author
R
Raei
دانشآموخته کارشناسی ارشد گروه مرتعداری، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
author
text
article
2016
per
The change of forest to agricultural lands has serious effects on the amount of soil organicmatter and physico- chemical characteristics. Noting the increasing change of forestry land use inMazandaran province, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of land use change on soilcharacteristics in the Nekaroad watershed. For this purpose, soil samples were collected from thetwo depths (0-10 and 10-20 cm) and three different land uses (forest, pasture and agriculture). Thenthe sample were compared based on a randomized complete block design. The results showed thatthe bulk density, Calcium carbonate, pH and sand percent of the soil were increased while the soilporosity, cation exchange capacity, silt and clay percent were decreased with the change of forestland use to pasture and agriculture. The amounts of organic matter in the soil layer with the depth of0-10 cm at the agricultural and pasture lands compared to forest land were decreased about 35.70and 21.85 %, respectively. Similarly, the reduction of organic matter in the soil layer with the depthof 10-20 cm in the same lands were 36.22 and 22.64%, respectively. The maximum total nitrogenwas 0.37 %, which was observed in the soil depth of 0-10 cm at forest land while the minimum of itwas 0.16 % in the soil depth of 10-20 cm at agricultural land which showed a reduction of 56.75%.
Water and Soil Science
University of Tabriz
2008-5133
26
v.
شماره1 بخش 1
no.
2016
159
171
https://water-soil.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_4848_1275fd72d6ecb993e8f3fb0aa68cad05.pdf
Applicability of CWSI Index for Irrigation Scheduling of Maize
Using Saline Water in Ahvaz
M
Saeedinia
دانشجوی دکتری آبیاری و زهکشی، دانشکده علوم آب، دانشگاه شهید چمران، اهواز
author
S
Broomand Nasab
استاد، گروه آبیاری و زهکشی، دانشکده علوم آب، دانشگاه شهید چمران، اهواز
author
AR
Hooshmand
-3 دانشیار، گروه آبیاری و زهکشی، دانشکده علوم آب، دانشگاه شهید چمران، اهواز
author
A
Soltani Mohammadi
استادیار، گروه آبیاری و زهکشی، دانشکده علوم آب، دانشگاه شهید چمران، اهواز
author
B
Andarzian
استادیار، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان
author
text
article
2016
per
Irrigation scheduling under water and salinity stresses is more difficult than normalconditions. To investigate the effect of water stress on crop growth, numerous indices have beenintroduced which one of them is crop water stress index (CWSI). To evaluate the suitability of thisindex for irrigation scheduling of corn (maize) with using saline water, a field experiment consistedof irrigation water with five salinity levels (S0: Caroon River (EC= 2.3 dS m-1), S1: EC= 3.5 dS m-1,S2: EC=4.5 dS m-1, S3: EC=5.5 dS m-1 and S4: EC=6.5 dS m-1) was conducted at the research stationof Shahid Chamran University, Iran. Results showed that the lower baseline equation (withoutstress) for the summer corn was (Tc-Ta)ll=2.161-0.221 VPD and the upper baseline equation (withfull stress) was h=3.690C. The CWSI value as a base for irrigation scheduling was calculated to be0.23. Also it was found that increasing water salinity caused to increase the foliage temperature.Thus, CWSI may be used for irrigation scheduling under conditions of using saline water. Byincreasing water salinity from 2.2 to 6.5 dS m-1, the temperature difference between the canopy andair was increased by 30C, approximately. In this research, CWSI values at the day just before theirrigation were 0.23 for S0, 0.35 for S1, 0.46 for S2, 0.58 for S3 and 0.73 for S4scenarios. Also resultsshowed by increasing water salinity from 2.3 to 6.5 dS m-1, CWSI increased about three times.
Water and Soil Science
University of Tabriz
2008-5133
26
v.
شماره1 بخش 1
no.
2016
173
185
https://water-soil.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_4849_e590c0c3a77137daad4a97899c14df62.pdf
Investigation of Hydraulic Characteristics of One-Side
Semi-Circular Labyrinth SideWeir
L
Esmaeilpour
دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز
author
D
Farsadizadeh
استاد گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز
author
A
Hosseinzadeh Dalir
استاد گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز
author
text
article
2016
per
Side weir is a hydraulic control structure that is widely used in irrigation, drainage and urban sewagepurification. In this research, 220 tests were carried out to study discharge coefficient and water surfaceprofile of one-side semi-circular labyrinth side weir under subcritical flow condition. The effects ofupstream Froude number, the ratio of length to width of the channel, weir height to upstream waterdepth, number of cycles and the radius of the Labyrinth on the discharge coefficient of the weir wereinvestigated. The results showed that discharge coefficient of the semi-circular labyrinth side weir was21 percent higher than rectangular side weir. Using SPSS software, a general equation based on thedimensionless parameters was presented for calculating the discharge coefficient of the semi-circularlabyrinth side weir. The determination coefficient and NRMSE of this equation were obtained, 0.93 and0.28 respectively. The water surface profile along the central axis of the main channel was almosthorizontal.
Water and Soil Science
University of Tabriz
2008-5133
26
v.
شماره1 بخش 1
no.
2016
187
195
https://water-soil.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_4850_6766cf26cb3e70676a15ca2ef6f17be3.pdf
Site Speciation of Susceptible Strata for Damask Rose Cultivation
(Case Study: Sarab Medicinal and Industrial Plants Seed Production Station)
M
Razmjoo,
کارشناس ارشد، گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز
author
F
Shahbazi,
دانشیار گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز
author
AA
Jafarzadeh,
استاد گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز
author
M
Moghadam Vahed
استاد گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز
author
text
article
2016
per
Nowadays, due to population increasing and agricultural land loosing, optimum usage is essential, so landsusceptibility must be evaluated prior to land suitability. The models generally are the simplified facts of reality which canbe applied for determining yield production and site speciation of suitable strata. Geostatistical observations were integratedwith GIS to create continuous soil properties maps. Hereby, number of 56 and 15 samples were collected for modeling andgeostatistical analysis, as well as testing the accuracy of maps, respectively. Spherical and exponential models wereidentified as the best fitted models due to higher R2 and lower RMSE. The results revealed that pH, Pabs, clay and CCE inthe vast area while EC and CEC in a part of studied area were recognized as limiting factors for Damask rose cultivation.Proper management decisions will be beneficial for improvement of some soil temporary limitations. Correcting of pH in anarea of 22 ha (i.e.) may improve the land. Leaching the soil (3.459 ha) with high quality of water is also required to movethe salinity with low cost to achieve the best suitable land for purpose. On the contrary of other parameters, clay has limitingimpact on 15.83 ha which it is not possible to be corrected.
Water and Soil Science
University of Tabriz
2008-5133
26
v.
شماره1 بخش 1
no.
2016
197
212
https://water-soil.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_4851_ef9543c1e6a8296b14ed2e4a285b9d27.pdf
Experimental Investigation of Collar Performance with Rough Surface on Local
Scour Reduction around Bridge Abutment with Rectangular Section
H
Khozeymehnezhad
استادیار گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند
author
M
Ghomeshi
استاد گروه سازههای آبی، دانشکده مهندسی علوم آب، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز
author
text
article
2016
per
Researches show that one of the most effective factors on bridge destruction is bridgeabutment scour. In this research, the role of collar as a control structure of bridge abutment scourwas investigated along with the effect of its roughness. The results were then compared withsmooth collars at the same condition. The results showed that the rough collars installed above thebed level showed a better performance in comparison to the smooth collars so that installation ofthe rough collar at a distance equal to 20 percent of the water depth above the initial bed levelcaused the performance of collar to be increased 14 percent, as compared to the condition withsmooth collar. In the condition that the collars were installed above and below the bed surface, theperformance of rough and smooth collars didn’t have a significant difference due to the small spaceunder the collars.
Water and Soil Science
University of Tabriz
2008-5133
26
v.
شماره1 بخش 1
no.
2016
213
223
https://water-soil.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_4852_43cfd38fe87337833add77f64d3373e3.pdf
Numerical Simulation of Flow Free Surface and Field in Circular Channel along
the SideWeir in Subcritical Flow Conditions
H
Azimi1,
دانشآموخته کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی عمران -آب، گروه مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه
author
S
Shabanlou
استادیار گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد کرمانشاه
author
text
article
2016
per
A side weir is being installed as a flow control structure on the side of the main channel. When thewater level exceeds the crest level of the side weir, the additional flow will spill over the weir crestand divert into the side channel. This type of structures has wide application in urban sewagedisposal, water supply systems, drainage and flood diversion networks. In this study, the freesurface of flow and the side weir discharge were simulated using FLOW-3D software. The RNG k-ε turbulence model was used for simulation of the flow field turbulence. Also the volume of fluid(VOF) scheme was applied to predict the variations of flow free surface. Comparing numericalsimulations with experimental results showed the acceptable accuracy of numerical model. Next,the discharge coefficient of side weir and the free surface of flow variations were evaluated fordifferent discharges of the main channel. Then the variation of the width of the separating streamsurface from bed of the main channel toward the free surface of flow was investigated. Also, thecircular channel effects on the pattern and strength of the secondary flow were studied. The effectsof the main channel discharge on the stagnation point height and bed shear stress pattern wereinvestigated. According to the subcritical flows pattern, the flow depth was increased from the sideweir upstream end towards its downstream end. For all longitudinal profiles with increasingdischarges within circular channel, the flow depth was increased along the side weir.
Water and Soil Science
University of Tabriz
2008-5133
26
v.
شماره1 بخش 1
no.
2016
225
238
https://water-soil.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_4853_c17d6391adf80cc38364a1f7b8cfb2ce.pdf
Evaluation and Comparison of Soil Fungi Ability in Biodegradation of Crude
Oil from Ahvaz and Omidiyeh's Oil Regions
V
Dawoodi1
دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد میکروبیولوژی، باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان، واحد فلاورجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اصفهان
author
Z
Golshani
دانشآموخته کارشناسی ارشد میکروبیولوژی، باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان، واحد فلاورجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اصفهان
author
A
Tahmourespour
استادیار میکروبیولوژی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد خوراسگان، اصفهان
author
text
article
2016
per
The soil fungi play important role in degradation of organic substrates, especially in crude oilhydrocarbons. Due to lack of studies on use of fungi in degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons inIran, fungi isolation from oily soils in Ahvaz and Omidiyeh was done to determine the relativegrowth of fungi on crude oil, and to measure the growth rate and degradation capacity of them incrude oil. The samples were cultured on Potato Dextrose Agar medium supplemented withStreptomycine and mineral salts medium (MSM) with 1% crude oil. Their abilities were comparedfor degradation of crude oil on liquid MSM and mycelia biomass and residual crude oil wasmeasured. Finally, seven species selected from oily soils, and the abilities of Aspergillus terreus, A.flavus, Penicillium spp. and Fusarium spp. for degrading crude oil were compared. The highestlevel biomass was obtained by Penicillium spp. (71.40 ± 22.60 mg/50ml) and the lowest level byFusarium spp. (24.0 ± 15.00 mg/50ml). The highest percentage of crude oil utilization was relatedto Penicillium spp. (46.10%) and the lowest Fusarium spp. (19.20%). All the organisms used in thisstudy were indigenous to the environment from which they were isolated. In conclusion thebiodegradation of contaminants is the best way to eliminate oil pollutions.
Water and Soil Science
University of Tabriz
2008-5133
26
v.
شماره1 بخش 1
no.
2016
239
246
https://water-soil.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_4854_49db8b581fb5964ac8b8ae922f636f48.pdf
Physiological Study of Soil-Born Cyanobacteria of Rice Fields in Guilan and
Application of Efficient Strains in Improving Growth and Yield of Rice
S
Soodaee Mashaee
دانشجوی دکتری بیولوژی و بیوتکنولوژی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز
author
GA
Nematzadeh
استاد گروه اصلاح نباتات، پژوهشکده ژنتیک و زیستفناوری کشاورزی طبرستان، ساری
author
N
Aliasgharzad
استاد گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز
author
N
Soltani
استاد پژوهشکده علوم پایه کاربردی جهاد دانشگاهی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران
author
text
article
2016
per
With regard to the crucial role of cyanobacteria in molecular nitrogen fixation, the presentstudy was aimed to isolate the native strains of cyanobacteria from paddy fields in Guilan province,and also examined their important physiological characteristics for production of bio-fertilizer.After isolation, purification and identification of efficient cyanobacterial isolates, chlorophyllcontent, phycobiliproteins and nitrogenase activity of isolates were determined, and then efficientstrains for pot cultivation of rice plants were selected. The results showed that the Nostoc sp.GGuCy-47, Nostoc sp. GGuCy-46, Anabaena sp. GGuCy-21, Cylindrospermum sp. GGuCy-25 andAnabaena sp. GGuCy-42 had the higher phycobiliproteins content. Thus isolates which had highercontent of phycobiliproteins also had a greater nitrogen fixing capacity, especially the two isolatesCylindrospermum sp. GGuCy-25 and Anabaena sp. GGuCy-42 possessed the highest nitrogenaseactivity. Based on the results obtained, the efficient isolates of cyanobacteria increased grain yieldand improved the growth of the rice (cv. Tarom Hashemi) but the amount of growth varied amongdifferent isolates. Finally, Cylindrospermum sp. GGuCy-25 and Anabaena sp. GGuCy-42, as twomore efficient isolates can be used as biofertilizer in rice paddy fields.
Water and Soil Science
University of Tabriz
2008-5133
26
v.
شماره1 بخش 1
no.
2016
247
258
https://water-soil.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_4855_5fd87df63c5c0b0368dbbecef56cf163.pdf
Inoculation Effects of Potassium Releasing Bacteria on K Nutrition of
Tomato in Sand-Muscovite Medium and Identification of Efficient Isolates
O
Madani
دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد بیولوژی و بیوتکنولوژی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز
author
MR
Sarikhani
استادیار بیولوژی و بیوتکنولوژی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز
author
S
Oustan
دانشیار شیمی و حاصلخیزی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز
author
text
article
2016
per
Attention to the potassium releasing bacteria is due to high demand of plants to thiselement. Therefore, in this study the effects of 15 bacterial isolates (S5-5, S5-9, S6-6, S10-3,S11-2, S12 -3, S14-1, S14-3, S15-1, S16-3, S17-4, S19-1, S19-2, S20-7 and S21-1) andPseudomonas putida strain P13 on the growth and potassium nutrition of tomato wereassessed. The experiment was performed under sterile condition in a bed of sand andMuscovite and other nutrients, except potassium, during the growing season were suppliedthrough Hoagland solution. The results showed that the application of the 16 isolates didn'taffect the wet and dry weight of shoot and the concentration and content of root potassium butthe plant height, wet and dry weight of root, total dry weight of plant, concentration andcontent of shoot potassium and the concentration and content of root phosphorus significantlyincreased in some isolates in comparison to the un-inoculated treatment. The highest height ofthe plant with an increase of 16.56% compared to the uninoculated control was observed inthe isolate S21-1 (48.08 cm). The highest total dry weight of plant was measured with thestrain S19-1 (6.35 g pot-1) and maximum concentration of potassium in shoot (14.3 mg g-1)was observed in the isolate S10-3. The most content of the shoot potassium (78.67 mg pot-1)gained in isolate S10-3 which in comparison with the non-bacterial control showed anincrease of 70 %. Molecular and biochemical identification results (16S rDNA) showed thatefficient isolates belonged to the genus Pseudomonas.
Water and Soil Science
University of Tabriz
2008-5133
26
v.
شماره1 بخش 1
no.
2016
259
271
https://water-soil.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_4856_55ec8074a16d18e80f0e92f9d90ab009.pdf
Application of the Fuzzy Sets Theory and FAO Method on Suitability and
Clustering of Land Units in Marand region for Sunflower and Canola Products
F
Amirian
دانشآموخته کارشناسی ارشد علوم خاک، دانشگاه تبریز
author
AA
Jafarzadeh
استاد گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز
author
F
Shahbazi
دانشیار گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز
author
MA
Ghorbani Golzari Nejad4
دانشیار گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز
author
M
Servati
استادیار مرکز آموزش عالی شهید باکری میاندوآب، دانشگاه ارومیه
author
text
article
2016
per
In recent decades, increasing of population and limitation of arable lands have led to consider production level increasingand land suitability assessment. Several methods such as limitation (Maximum, Number and intensity), parametric (Story,square root) and a new fuzzy logic based methods have been developed to assess the suitability of lands. Classical methodsof land suitability assessment are not able to express the continuous nature of soil properties and define the land suitabilityclasses as non-collectible. Therefore, using of the fuzzy sets in studies of land suitability assessment can lead to a betterunderstanding of them. Also fuzzy clustering and kohonen artificial neural network can be used for homogenous soilsdetermination and requirements data completion. In this study, for comparison of the fuzzy set theory and FAO method,calculated correlation coefficients values between the land index and yield of the sunflower and canola by fuzzy methodwere (0.709 and 0.617, respectively), more than those with the Parametric method (0.709 and 0.617, respectively).Theseresults demonstrate the high accuracy and potential of the fuzzy logic method in relation to the classical methods of landsuitability assessment, and can be described by the capability of the fuzzy logic in expressing the continuous nature of theprocesses. Obtained results showed that representative profiles of 1 and 4 were homogenous based on landform clusteringmethods and these results could be used for information completion.
Water and Soil Science
University of Tabriz
2008-5133
26
v.
شماره1 بخش 1
no.
2016
273
2902
https://water-soil.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_4857_12b734c7039b285ac336f905fb5c9ee5.pdf
Numerical Simulation of Jet Flow and Investigation Effect of Triangular Shape
of Bucket, and Gate Opening Ratio on Flip Bucket Jet Flow Characters
M
Kakeshpour
کارشناس ارشد عمران -آب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اسلامشهر
author
MR
Pirestani
استادیار، گروه مهندسی عمران، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب
author
M
Zakeri Niri
استادیار، گروه مهندسی عمران، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اسلامشهر
author
text
article
2016
per
If there is a high speed flow on a spillway and it is impossible to use a stilling basin because of itshigh cost or installation condition, the flip bucket may be used for energy dissipation. Flow-3Dsoftware was used in this research to simulate the flow on the chute spillway with ogee crest andflip bucket by volume of fluid (VOF) procedure and k-ε (RNG) turbulence model. At first, thenumerical simulated trajectory of the jet flow was compared with the trajectory of the flow in thephysical model, and also with the results of USBR, US Army and Kavakami equations. Then theeffect of gate opening on the range length and the maximum height of the jet flow trajectory wasstudied. At last, the effect of the circular flip bucket shape and the two kind of triangular flip bucketnamed A and B on jet trajectory were studied. Results showed that USBR equation was moreaccurate than the numerical model and other empirical relationships in determination of the jetrange length. Based on the results, two relationships were presented between gate opening VSreduction percentage of the range length and the maximum height of the jet. Comparison of thehydraulic characteristics of the circular and triangular flip buckets showed that the characters of thetriangular flip bucket type A was more similar to that of the circular flip buckets in comparison tothe type B and due to its easier implementation could be used instead of the circular flip bucket. Inaddition, results of the numerical model showed error ranges length of 12 and 8 percent for themaximum jet range length and maximum height, respectively. Therefore, applying numerical modelof Flow-3D in estimating effects of bucket shape is recommended.
Water and Soil Science
University of Tabriz
2008-5133
26
v.
شماره1 بخش 1
no.
2016
291
303
https://water-soil.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_4858_5b4740e0bdd0e0eebde9468f7dc905a0.pdf
Effect of Land Use Change on Soil Quality and Clay Mineralogy
in Valarude Region of Zanjan Province
P
Alamdari
استادیار گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان
author
B
Rezaee2,
دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان
author
A
Golchin
استاد گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان
author
text
article
2016
per
Effect of land use type on soil functioning within an ecosystem can be assessed by soil quality indices. Such studies that arecarried out to improve land resources quality, lead to control the land degradation and help us to identify the sustainablemanagement. In order to study the effect of land use change from pasture to agriculture on soil quality and clay mineralogy,Valarude region of Zanjan province was selected. Composite soil samples were taken from 0 – 30 and 30 – 60 cm depths ofboth land uses with three replicates and totally 60 soil samples were prepared. Important soil quality indicators such as bulkdensity, weighted mean diameter of aggregates, quantities of organic carbon, and total nitrogen, soil microbial respirationrate, amount of microbial biomass C and urease and alkaline phosphatase activities were measured. Results revealed that theland use change from pasture to agriculture, led to a significant reduction in the amounts of organic carbon (62%), totalnitrogen (70%), mean weight diameter of aggregates (32%), microbial respiration rate (75%) and microbial biomass Cquantity (47%). The assay of enzyme activities showed that alkaline phosphatase activity did not change significantly buturease activity decreased in agriculture land (87%). Mineralogical studies showed that the both land uses had illite,kaolinite; chlorite, smectite and mixed layer minerals and change of land use did not have a significant effect on soil clayminerals. Overall, it can be concluded that a change in land use from pasture to agriculture with widespread agriculturalpractices, especially intensive tillage activities, may lead to decrease soil quality.
Water and Soil Science
University of Tabriz
2008-5133
26
v.
شماره1 بخش 1
no.
2016
305
316
https://water-soil.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_4859_67b014859815007e656d21bdcdc8b823.pdf